Pollution

Which statements are correct?

1. Carbon monoxide is responsible for the production of ‘acid rain’.
2. Oxides of nitrogen are present in car exhausts.
3. Sulfur dioxide can be produced by the combustion of fossil fuels.

Which compound in polluted air can damage stonework and kill trees?

Which statement about methane is not correct?

Which pollutant, found in car exhaust fumes, does not come from the fuel?

\[\text { Which information about carbon dioxide and methane is correct? }\]

\[
\begin{array}{|l|l|c|c|}
\hline & & \text { carbon dioxide } & \text { methane } \\
\hline \text { A } & \text { formed when vegetation decomposes } & \checkmark & ✘ \\
\text { B } & \text { greenhouse gas } & \checkmark & \checkmark \\
\text { C } & \text { present in unpolluted air } & ✘ & ✘ \\
\text { D } & \text { produced during respiration } & ✘ & \checkmark \\
\hline
\end{array}
\]

Greenhouse gases may contribute to climate change. Two of these gases are emitted into the atmosphere as a result of processes within animals.

Gas __1__ is produced by process __3__.
Gas __2__ is produced by process __4__ .
Which words correctly complete gaps 1, 2, 3 and 4 ?

\[
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 \\
\hline \text { A } & \mathrm{CO} & \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{6} & \text { digestion } & \text { respiration } \\
\text { B } & \mathrm{CO} & \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{6} & \text { respiration } & \text { digestion } \\
\text { C } & \mathrm{CO}_{2} & \mathrm{CH}_{4} & \text { digestion } & \text { respiration } \\
\text { D } & \mathrm{CO}_{2} & \mathrm{CH}_{4} & \text { respiration } & \text { digestion } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\]

The table gives the composition of the atmosphere of four newly discovered planets.

\[
\begin{array}{|c|c|}
\hline \text { planet } & \text { composition of atmosphere } \\
\hline \text { W } & \text { argon, carbon dioxide and oxygen } \\
\text { X } & \text { argon, nitrogen and oxygen } \\
\text { Y } & \text { argon, carbon dioxide and methane } \\
\text { Z } & \text { methane, nitrogen and oxygen } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\]

On which planets is the greenhouse effect likely to occur?

In which row is the air pollutant not correctly matched with its source?

\[
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|}
\hline & \text { air pollutant } & \text { source } \\
\hline \text { A } & \text { carbon monoxide } & \text { incomplete combustion of fuels } \\
\text { B } & \text { lead compounds } & \text { burning petrol in cars } \\
\text { C } & \text { nitrogen oxides } & \text { decomposing vegetation } \\
\text { D } & \text { sulfur dioxide } & \text { burning coal and other fossil fuels } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\]

Carbon monoxide is an air pollutant produced when petrol is burned in a car engine.
Why is carbon monoxide considered to be an air pollutant?

A factory burns coal with a high sulfur content.
Which pollutant is most likely to lead to the death of trees?

Statement 1: The burning of fossil fuels containing sulfur is a cause of ‘acid rain’.
Statement 2: Acid rain contains sulfur dioxide which is formed when sulfur compounds burn in the air.

Which of the following is true?

Acid rain is formed when sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen dissolve in rain water.
Which problem is not caused by acid rain?

Which is an air pollutant that affects a part of the body other than the lungs and blood system?

The exhaust gases from cars contain oxides of nitrogen.
How are these oxides of nitrogen formed?

Oxides of nitrogen are formed in car engines and are a source of air pollution.
To decrease this pollution, catalytic converters are fitted to car exhausts.
What happens to the oxides of nitrogen in the catalytic converter?

Burning fossil fuels releases sulfur dioxide which leads to acid rain.
Which ion in the rain water causes it to be acidic?

Which process does not produce a greenhouse gas?

Coal is a fossil fuel. Which gas is not formed when coal burns?

Which pollutant gas is produced by the decomposition of vegetation?

Oxides of nitrogen are given out from car exhausts.
Which row best shows why oxides of nitrogen are unwanted?

\[
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|}
\hline & \text { acidic } & \text { toxic } \\
\hline A & \text { no } & \text { no } \\
B & \text { no } & \text { yes } \\
C & \text { yes } & \text { no } \\
D & \text { yes } & \text { yes } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\]

The reactions shown may occur in the air during a thunder storm.
\[
\begin{aligned}
&\mathrm{N}_{2}+\mathrm{O}_{2} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{NO}_{2} \\
&2 \mathrm{NO}+\mathrm{O}_{2} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{NO}_{2} \\
&\mathrm{NO}+\mathrm{O}_{3} \rightarrow \mathrm{NO}_{2}+\mathrm{O}_{2}
\end{aligned}
\]
Which row shows what happens to the reactant molecules in each of these reactions?

\[
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|}
\hline & \mathrm{N}_{2} & \mathrm{NO} & \mathrm{O}_{3} \\
\hline \text { A } & \text { oxidised } & \text { oxidised } & \text { oxidised } \\
\text { B } & \text { oxidised } & \text { oxidised } & \text { reduced } \\
\text { C } & \text { reduced } & \text { reduced } & \text { oxidised } \\
\text { D } & \text { reduced } & \text { reduced } & \text { reduced } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\]

Oxides of nitrogen are found in polluted air.
Which statement about oxides of nitrogen is correct?

Many car exhaust systems contain a catalytic converter.
Which change does not occur in a catalytic converter?

Catalytic converters are used to remove some gaseous pollutants from car exhaust fumes.
Which gas is removed from the fumes by oxidation?

The pollutants released into the air from car exhausts and some power stations include oxides of the type \(\mathrm{XO}\) and \(\mathrm{YO}_{2}\).
What are \(X\) and \(Y\)?

\[
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|}
\hline & \text { X } & Y \\
\hline \text { A } & \text { carbon only } & \text { nitrogen only } \\
\text { B } & \text { carbon only } & \text { nitrogen and sulfur only } \\
\text { C } & \text { carbon and nitrogen } & \text { carbon and nitrogen only } \\
\text { D } & \text { carbon and nitrogen } & \text { carbon, nitrogen and sulfur } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\]