Nuclear Atom – Practices

How many neutrons are in a nucleus of the nuclide \({ }_{17}^{37} \mathrm{Cl}\) ?
 

A certain element has several isotopes.
Which statement about these isotopes is correct?
 

A neutral atom consists of electrons orbiting a nucleus. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons.
Which statement about the atom must be correct?
 

Below are the symbols for five different nuclides.

             
Which two nuclides are isotopes of the same element? 

A proton and a neutron are each close to a positive nucleus.

How does the charge on the nucleus affect the proton and the neutron, if at all? 

Below are four statements about isotopes of a certain element.
Which statement about the isotopes must be correct?
 

A nucleus of element \(X\) is represented as \({ }_{26}^{56} X\).
Which is an isotope of element \(X\) ?

The charge on a proton is \(e\).
What is the charge on an electron and what is the charge on a neutron?

\[
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|}
\hline & \text { electron } & \text { neutron } \\
\hline \text { A } & e & e \\
\text { B } & e & 0 \\
\text { C } & -e & -e \\
\text { D } & -e & 0 \\
\hline
\end{array}
\]

A particular nuclide has the symbol \({ }_{17}^{37} \mathrm{Cl}\).
What is true for atoms of this nuclide?
 

\({ }_6^{14} \mathrm{C}\) is a nuclide of carbon.
What is the composition of one nucleus of this nuclide?

\[
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|}
\hline & \text { neutrons } & \text { protons } \\
\hline \text { A } & 6 & 8 \\
\text { B } & 6 & 14 \\
\text { C } & 8 & 6 \\
\text { D } & 14 & 6 \\
\hline
\end{array}
\]

A nuclide has the symbol \({ }_{10}^{22} \mathrm{Ne}\).
What is the proton number of a nucleus of this nuclide?
 

The nucleus of an americium atom contains 146 neutrons and 95 protons. It decays by emitting an \(\alpha\)-particle.

How many neutrons and how many protons remain in the nucleus when this form of americium decays?

\[
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|}
& \begin{array}{c}
\text { number of neutrons } \\
\text { remaining }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{c}
\text { number of protons } \\
\text { remaining }
\end{array} \\
\hline \text { A } & 142 & 93 \\
\text { B } & 142 & 95 \\
\text { C } & 144 & 93 \\
\text { D } & 144 & 95 \\
\hline
\end{array}
\]

Which statement is correct for the nucleus of any atom?
 

Which particles are emitted during thermionic emission?

A uranium \({ }_{92}^{238} \mathrm{U}\) nudeus emits an \(\alpha\)-particle.
What are the new nucleon and proton numbers?

\[
\begin{array}{c|c|c|}
\hline & \text { nucleon number } & \text { proton number } \\
\hline \text { A } & 238 & 88 \\
\text { B } & 236 & 90 \\
\text { C } & 234 & 92 \\
\text { D } & 234 & 90 \\
\hline
\end{array}
\]

The nuclide symbol for radioactive polonium is \({ }_{84}^{210} \mathrm{Po}\).

A nucleus of this type of polonium emits an \(\alpha\)-particle.
What is the proton number (atomic number) of the nucleus after it has emitted the \(\alpha\)-particle?
 

The nuclide notation for radium-226 is \({ }_{88}^{226} \mathrm{Ra}\).
How many electrons orbit the nucleus of a neutral atom of radium-226?
 

A radioactive nucleus contains 128 nucleons. It emits a \(\beta\)-particle.
How many nucleons are now in the nucleus?

A nuclide has the symbol \({ }_6^{14} \mathrm{C}\).
How many protons are there in one nucleus of this nuclide?
 

A lithium nucleus contains 3 protons and 4 neutrons.
What is its nuclide notation?

A particular nuclide of chlorine can be represented by the symbol shown.
                                \({ }_{17}^{37} \mathrm{Cl}\)
How many electrons are there in a neutral atom of this nuclide?

A nuclide is represented by the symbol .
How many neutrons are in one nucleus of the nuclide?
 

Which statement about the nuclei of all atoms is correct?
 

The graph shows how the count rate on a detector due to a radioactive source changes with \(t\)
               
What is the count rate at 5.0 hours?

The diagram represents a carbon atom.

What is the nucleon number (mass number) for this atom?

A nuclide is represented by the notation shown.
                                     
How many nucleons are there in one atom of this nuclide?

A nucleus \(X\) has 17 protons and 18 neutrons.
Which notation is correct for this nucleus?

A nucleus of helium has the symbol \({ }_2^3 \mathrm{He}\).
Which diagram represents an atom of \({ }_2^3 \mathrm{He}\) ?

Which diagram could represent the structure of a neutral atom?

Which statement about a neutral atom of \({ }_{88}^{226} \mathrm{Ra}\) is correct?
 

A radioactive nucleus emits \(\beta\)-particle
             
What happens to the proton number (atomic number) of the nucleus?
 

An atom of the element lithium has a nucleon number of 7 and a proton number of 3 .
Which diagram represents a neutral atom of lithium?

A nuclide of substance \(X\) has the symbol \({ }_{12}^{26} X\).
How many electrons are there in a neutral atom of substance \(X\) ?

A nucleus of americium \({ }_{95}^{243} \mathrm{Am}\) emits an \(\alpha\)-particle to form a nucleus of neptunium (Np).
Which equation represents this decay?
 

A certain element has several isotopes.
Which statement about these isotopes is correct?
 

A very important experiment increased scientists’ understanding of the structure of matter.
In the experiment, particles scattered as they passed through a thin metal foil.
Which particles were used, and to which conclusion did the experiment lead?

\[
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|}
\hline & \text { particles } & \text { conclusion } \\
\hline \text { A } & \text { alpha particles } & \text { matter is made up of atoms } \\
\text { B } & \text { alpha particles } & \text { atoms have a very small nucleus } \\
\text { C } & \text { beta particles } & \text { matter is made up of atoms } \\
\text { D } & \text { beta particles } & \text { atoms have a very small nucleus } \\
\hline
\end{array}
\]

Below are the symbols for five different nuclides.
\[
\begin{array}{ccccc}
{ }_{17}^{35} \mathrm{X} & { }_{17}^{37} \mathrm{X} & { }_{18}^{38} \mathrm{X} & { }_{35}^{81} \mathrm{X} & { }_{37}^{81} \mathrm{X} \\
\text { nuclide 1 } & \text { nuclide 2 } & \text { nuclide 3 } & \text { nuclide 4 } & \text { nuclide 5 }
\end{array}
\]
Which two nuclides are isotopes of the same element?
 

Below are four statements about isotopes of a certain element.
Which statement about the isotopes must be correct?
 

Which diagram represents an experiment that provided evidence for the nuclear atom?

The scattering of \(\alpha\)-particles by a thin metal foil supports the nuclear model of an atom.
Why are \(\alpha\)-particles used rather than neutrons?
 

A reading is taken every 10 minutes of the number of emissions per second from a radioactive source. The table shows the readings.
\[
\begin{array}{|c|c|}
\hline \text { time/min } & \begin{array}{c}
\text { number of } \\
\text { emissions } \\
\text { per second }
\end{array} \\
\hline 0 & 800 \\
10 & 560 \\
20 & 400 \\
30 & 280 \\
40 & 200 \\
50 & 140 \\
60 & 100 \\
\hline
\end{array}
\]
What is the half-life of the source?